Local municipalities may now use cameras to catch motorists speeding past stopped school buses. Violators will get a ticket with a penalty of up to a $250 fine but no points on their driving records. Montgomery County has had cameras in a place for a while. But they were just giving out warning tickets. This bill has some teeth, albeit little baby teeth, with no points attached.

This Law in Action in PG County in 2021
Anne Arundel in 2022
Ron DeSantis signs school bus camera law in 2023
Baltimore County puts in new school bus cameras in 2024

History of School Bus Cameras

School bus cameras have been around for several decades. In the early 1990s, a school district in San Antonio, Texas, introduced a pilot program that installed video cameras on the exterior of school buses to capture motorists who passed stopped buses. The program was successful, and other districts began to follow suit.

By the mid-2000s, school bus camera systems had become more advanced, with cameras installed inside buses to capture footage of student behavior and to aid in investigations of accidents or incidents on buses. Today, school bus camera systems are standard in many districts across the United States, including Maryland. There are privacy concerns, sure. But no one doubts that they have improved safety for students and bus drivers.

History of School Bus Cameras in Maryland

In 2011, the Maryland General Assembly passed a law allowing local jurisdictions to install automated cameras on school buses to capture images of drivers who illegally pass stopped school buses. The goal of the law was to protect school children who are often endangered by drivers who fail to stop for the flashing lights and extended stop arm of school buses.

The cameras are mounted on the outside of the bus and activate when the bus comes to a stop, and the red lights begin flashing. They capture images of the license plates of cars that pass the bus illegally, and the drivers of those cars are issued citations.

Maryland’s first school bus camera program was launched in Montgomery County, and other counties soon followed suit. Since then, the use of school bus cameras has expanded throughout the state and has been credited with improving safety for school children.

In 2019, the Maryland General Assembly passed a law that increased the fines for drivers who illegally pass stopped school buses. Under the new law, drivers caught on camera passing a stopped school bus can be fined up to $500 for a first offense and up to $1,000 for a second offense. The law also allows local jurisdictions to impose additional fines and penalties for repeat offenders.

Maryland School Bus Camera Timeline

2011: Maryland enacts legislation authorizing local school boards to install and operate automated cameras on school buses to capture images of vehicles that illegally pass stopped school buses.
2012: The first school bus camera program is implemented in Montgomery County, Maryland. The program uses exterior cameras on school buses to capture images of vehicles that pass stopped school buses.
2014: Legislation allows school bus camera programs to operate statewide. The new law requires that school bus cameras be operated in accordance with guidelines established by the Maryland State Department of Education.
2015: The Maryland State Department of Education releases guidelines for the operation of school bus camera programs, including requirements for notice to motorists, video review and analysis, and data reporting.
2016: The Maryland State Police begin a pilot program to use body cameras to capture images of drivers who illegally pass stopped school buses. The program is designed to complement the use of exterior school bus cameras.
2017: The Maryland State Department of Education releases an annual report on school bus camera programs in the state. The report confirms that school bus cameras keep our children safer.
2018: The Maryland State Department of Education announces that it will distribute $3.6 million in grants to local school systems to support the installation and operation of school bus camera programs.
2020: Maryland Governor Larry Hogan signs a bill into law that increases the fines for drivers who illegally pass stopped school buses. The law also requires that school bus cameras capture images of the vehicle’s license plate and allows school systems to use funds generated by fines to support school bus safety programs.
2022: Resistance breaks in Anne Arundel County, and the jurisdiction begins to cite vehicles illegally passing public school buses.
2023: Maryland announces plans to integrate artificial intelligence (AI) technology into school bus cameras, enabling automatic violation detection and improving citation accuracy. The state also increases funding to support technological upgrades and program expansion.
2024: The Maryland State Department of Education begins releasing quarterly reports on school bus camera program data, providing more frequent updates to stakeholders and the public. Preliminary data suggests a significant decrease in violations compared to previous years.

Drivers Ignore Buses

This bill was precipitated partly by a Maryland State Department of Education study that found that thousands of drivers are passing school buses with their stop arms extended and red lights flashing. A total of 7,028 violations were recorded on a single day last month, with most drivers ignoring school bus stop signs.

Nearly 4,000 (3,997) of those motorists were oncoming drivers who ignored the stop arm, 2,665 drivers moved past a stopped bus on the bus driver’s side of the vehicle, and 366 drivers passed a stopped bus on the door side, right where you would expect a child to be walking. Baltimore County drivers are the worst offenders, followed by Montgomery County, Baltimore City, Anne Arundel, and Prince George’s.

(Now keep in mind, all of this data comes from school bus drivers who, as a breed, think we are all idiots and don’t belong on the road. So let’s say they are exaggerating by a factor of 10. It is still a staggering number.)

Updated Statistics

According to data from NASDPTS, there are an estimated 17 million stop-arm violations each school year in the United States. Good golly. In Maryland, school bus drivers recorded 3,194 violations in a single day in 2019. Every time a driver illegally passes a stopped school bus, they put a child at risk.

Maryland Transportation Code § 21-706 (2024)

This is the Maryland law in 2023 regarding passing school buses that are flashing red lights.

(a) Driver to stop on meeting or overtaking stopped school vehicle — In general. — If a school vehicle has stopped on a roadway and is operating the alternately flashing red lights specified in § 22-228 of this article, the driver of any other vehicle meeting or overtaking the school vehicle shall stop at least 20 feet from the rear of the school vehicle, if approaching the school vehicle from its rear, or at least 20 feet from the front of the school vehicle, if approaching the school vehicle from its front.

(b) Driver to stop on meeting or overtaking stopped school vehicle — When vehicles may proceed. — If a school vehicle has stopped on a roadway and is operating the alternately flashing red lights specified in § 22-228 of this article, the driver of any other vehicle meeting or overtaking the school vehicle may not proceed until the school vehicle resumes motion or the alternately flashing red lights are deactivated.

(c) Exceptions. — This section does not apply to the driver of a vehicle on a divided highway if the school vehicle is on a different roadway.

(d) Penalty for violation of section. — A person convicted of violating this section is subject to a fine not exceeding $ 1,000.

Maryland Transportation Code § 21-706 has not been addressed by Maryland appellate courts in nearly 60 years, but it was updated in 2019.

Cases Interpreting Maryland Transportation Code § 21-706

There have been two Maryland cases interpreting this law. In Chackness v. Board of Education of Harford County, 120 A.2d 392 (1956), a guy driving a Cadillac convertible passed a bus and hit a child on Route 1 in Bel Air. Awful. I have a black-and-white image of the whole thing in my head.

Anyway, this Caddy driver tries to bring in the bus driver (who Google tells me died in 2010 and has a son who is a lawyer) and a 14-year-old school bus safety, claiming they were also negligent. The argument? The ole “sudden stop” claim. The court dismissed the claim pretty quickly. The bus driver was defended by William B. Somerville of Smith Somerville & Case fame.

The second case, Jubb v. Ford, 157 A.2d 422 (1960), is an odd case involving a “sort of” school bus that was not large enough to be a school bus and did not have flashing red lights. The court found that it did not seat 10 or more kids because there was no evidence that its carrying capacity was more significant than eight and would violate the law if the vehicle used red flashing lights. This case also had Smith, Somerville & Case defending the case and Judge Frank Cicone representing the plaintiff. These old cases feel like a who’s who of Maryland legal history.

Modern School Bus Cameras

Of course, artificial intelligence is all the rage, and that is driving advancements in school bus camera technology to detect and enforce violations of stop-arm laws. Modern systems now incorporate artificial intelligence to automatically detect vehicles that illegally pass stopped school buses. These AI-enabled cameras can analyze vehicle movement in real time, reducing the need for manual review and increasing the accuracy of violations. Many systems also include high-definition video capabilities, allowing for clear capture of license plates and vehicle details even in low-light conditions or adverse weather, ensuring reliable evidence for citations.

Some jurisdictions have integrated real-time alerts into their camera systems, notifying law enforcement immediately when a violation occurs. This rapid communication enables quicker responses and reinforces the seriousness of these infractions. By streamlining enforcement, these technological advancements reduce administrative burdens on school districts and law enforcement, allowing them to focus resources on prevention and education. This technology improves citation accuracy and also acts as a deterrent, sending a strong message to drivers about the importance of obeying school bus safety laws.

Of course, not every is happy with the technology. The use of AI in school bus cameras has raised concerns among some about privacy and surveillance. Critics worry that increased reliance on AI and constant video recording could lead to overreach, with fears of “Big Brother” watching drivers’ every move.

Even more thoughts on speeding ticket cameras
In 2024, school bus camera tickets are all the rage. This article discusses Howard County’s efforts to put cameras on the back of buses to prosecute violations of this law.